Authentic leadership and job burnout: Mediating effects of positive psychological capitals

Authors

  • Sunggeun Kim Kwangwoon University, College of Business
  • Jungsik Kim Kwangwoon University, College of Business

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37944/jams.v6i1.188

Keywords:

authentic leadership, positive psychological capital, job burnout, mediation effect, military organization

Abstract

This study explored methods for reducing job burnout among organizational members working in highly stressful job environments from the perspective of positive organizational scholarship. In particular, we focused on the role of authentic leadership, an alternative leadership concept that has recently received much attention in the leadership literature. To explain the mechanism underlying the effects of authentic leadership on job burnout, the mediating effect of positive psychological capitals (PsyCap), a critical variable of positive psychology, was analyzed. To examine the proposed hypotheses, data were collected through a survey of employees of the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and analyzed. The results of the analyses demonstrate that authentic leadership has positive effects on team members' positive PsyCap, which in turn reduces their job burnout. In particular, in the relationship between authentic leadership and job burnout, all sub-factors of team members’ positive psychological capital revealed partial mediating effects, with the most significant mediating effect being optimism. Based on the results, we propose several suggestions to strengthen both authentic leadership and positive PsyCap within military organizations.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Sunggeun Kim, Kwangwoon University, College of Business

(First Author) Kwangwoon University, College of Business, Ph.D. Candidate, Defense Acquisition Program Administration, Advanced Capabilities Program Support Department, army lieutenant colonel, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4277-9566

Jungsik Kim, Kwangwoon University, College of Business

(Corresponding Author) Kwangwoon University, College of Business, Professor, [email protected],
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6171-0776.

References

Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Meta‐analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127-152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070

Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001

Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., & May, D. R. (2004). Unlocking the mask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 801-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.003

Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job demands-resources model: State of the Art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014), Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach. The Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 389-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235

Bandura, A. (1969). Social-Learning Theory of Identificatory Processes. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research (pp. 213-262). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally & Company.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173

Brotheridge, C. M., & Grandey, A. A. (2002). Emotional labor and burnout: Comparing two perspectives of people work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1815

Cho, Y. M., & Jang, K. H. (2020). Relationship between Basic Pychological Needs and Psychological Burnout of Nurse: Mediation Effect of Positive Psychological Capital and Moderated Mediation Effect of Authentic Leadership. Journal of Digital Convergence, 18(11), 319-328. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2020.18.11.319

Choi, W. J., & Cho, Y. H. (2013). The Effects of Authentic Leadership on Psychological Well-being and Adaptive Performance: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy. Korean Journal of Management, 21(1), 185-228. G704-000359.2013.21.1.005

Coutu, D. L. (2002). How resilience works. Harvard Business Review, 80(5), 46-56.

Demerouti E., Bakker A. B., Nachreiner F., & Schaufeli W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.499

Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burn-out. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x

Gardner, W. L., & Schermerhorn, J. R. (2004). Performance gains through positive organizational behaviour and authentic leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 33(3), 270-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.06.004

Gardner, W. L., Avolio, B. J., Luthans, F., May, D. R., & Walumbwa, F. (2005). Can you see the real me?: A self-based model of authentic and follower development. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 343-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.003

Gardner, W.L., Fischer, D., & Hunt. J. G. (2009). Emotional labor and leadership: A Threat to authenticity? The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 466-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.011

Han, B. J. (2013). A Study on the Mediating Effects of LMX and Psychological Capital between Authentic Leadership and Organizational Commitment. Journal of Organization and Management, 37(3), 125-153. G704-000984.2013.37.3.008

Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology(pp. 382-394). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J., & Rapson, R. (1993). Emotional Contagion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist , 44 (3), 513. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513

Hong, E. S. (2006). Conceptual understanding of resilience and instructional suggestion. Korean Journal of Special Education, 41(2), 45-67. G704-000685.2006.41.2.003

Jang, M. Y, & Lee, S. S. (2020). The Serial Multiple Mediation Effect of Psychological Ownership, Job Burnout on the Relationship between Authentic Leadership and on the Job Turnover Intention:Focusing on Emotional Workers in Generation X and Generation Y. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 23(2), 1-42. https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002612052

Ji, I. H., Kim, D. C., & Kim, J. W. (2021). A Study on the Effect of Authentic Leadership on Affective Organization Commitment and Change Supportive Behavior: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Positive Psychological Capital. Journal of Organization and Management, 45(3), 101-125.

Jin, L., & Park, K. H. (2021). Research on the Effects of Positive Psychological Capital on Innovative Behaviors and Job Burnout: Mediating effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. KBM Journal, 6(1), 39-61. https://doi.org/10.51858/KBMJ.2022.02.6.1.39

Johnston, R. (1995). The determinants of service quality: satisfiers and dissatisfiers. International Journal of Service Industry Management. 6(5), 53-71. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564239510101536

Joo, I. H., & Kim, J. S. (2021). A Study on Experts’ Perception Types towards Press Reports about Defense Acquisition Program. Journal of Korean Society for the Scientific Study of Subjectivity, 54, 93-115. https://doi.org/10.18346/KSSSS.54.5

Jung, Y. A., Oh, M. S., & Kim, H. S. (2020). The Relationship between Occupational Stress and Burnout among Firefighters: Mediating of Grit. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 29(2), 96-105. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2020.29.2.96

Kang, K. H., & Kim, M. J. (2019). The Effects of Positive Psychological Capital and Job Satisfaction on Innovative Behavior : Focused on the Moderating Effect of Knowledge Sharing. The Journal of Business Education, 33(6), 229-258. https://doi.org/10.34274/krabe.2019.33.6.011

Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a conceptualisation of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1401_01

Kim, B. J. (2018). The Influence of Positive Psychological Capital to the Job Satisfaction of Child Care Teachers: Verification of the Mediating Effect of Psychological Exhaustion. The Journal of Humanities and Social science, 9(1), 755-766. https://doi.org/10.22143/HSS21.9.1.60

Kim, M. S., & Jang, C. S. (2012). The effects of authentic leadership on employee positive psychological capital and affective commitment. Korean Journal of Human Resources Development, 15(1), 101-125. G704-SER000010057.2012.15.1.002

Kim, S. H. (2018). Relationship between positive psychological capital and learning agility and innovative behavior of R&D Research Institute. [Master’s dissertation, Korea University]

Kim, W. S., Chi, M. W., & Lee, K. W. (2017). A Study on the Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on the Service Improvement Behavior of Travel Agency Employees - Focused on the Mediated Effects of Job Burnout. Journal of Hotel & Resort, 16(3), 87-109. https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002256769

Krumpal, I. (2013). Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: A literature review. Quality & Quantity, 47(4), 2025–2047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9640-9

Kwon, S. B. (2016). Effects of Positive Psychological Capital on Job Burnout: Based on the Job Demands-Resources Model. [Doctoral dissertation, Dankook University]

Law, F. M., & Guo, G. J. (2015). Correlation of hope and self-efficacy with job satisfaction, job stress, and borganizational commitment for correctional officers in the Taiwan prison system. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 60(11), 1257-1277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X15574997

Lee, D. S., & Choi, Y. D. (2010). A Study on Antecedents and Consequences of Positive Psychological Capital in Organizations. Korean Management Review, 39(1), 1-28. G704-000126.2010.39.1.001

Lee, H. S. (2017). Analysis of emotional labor and burnout among nurses: A structural equation model based on the conservation of resources theory. [Doctoral dissertation, Chung-Ang University]

Lee, J. Y., & Lee, H. S. (2015). An analysis of Structural Relationships among Managers’ Emotional Leadership, Salesperson's Positive Psychological Capital, Burnout, and Work Engagement. Journal of Corporate Education and Talent Research, 17(2), 129-157. G704-002126.2015.17.2.008

Lee, K. S., & Kim, M. J. (2019). Study on the Factors Effecting the Positive Psychological Capital of Social Workers at Seniors Welfare Centers on Job Burnout. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 19(4), 581-597. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2019.19.04.581

Lee, S. H., & Lee, H. R. (2019). A Moderating Effect of Supervisor Support in the Relation between Emotional Labor and Job Burnout of Hotel Buffet Restaurant Employees: focused on Five-star Hotels in Gangnam Seoul. Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, 31(5), 209-227. https://doi.org/10.31336/JTLR.2019.5.31.5.209

Leiter, M. P., & Schaufeli, W. B. (1996). Consistency of the burnout construct across occupations. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 9, 229-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615809608249404

Luthans F., & Youssef, C. M. (2004). Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics, 33(2), 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.01.003

Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(6), 695-706. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.165

Luthans, F., & Avolio, B. J. (2003). Authentic leadership development. San Francisco, US: Berrett-Koehler.

Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541-572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x

Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W., & Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2003.11.007

Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205

Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). Maslach Burnout Inventory: Third edition. In C. P. Zalaquett & R. J. Wood (Eds.), Evaluating stress: A book of resources (pp. 191–218). Scarecrow Education.

Maslach, C., Leiter, M. P., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Measuring burnout. In C. L. Cooper & S. Cartwright (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Wellbeing (pp.17-43). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397

Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227

Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. G. (2002). Psychological capital and job performance: The mediating role of work attitudes. In Snyder, C. R. & Lopez, S. J. (Eds.), The Handbook of Positive Psychology(pp. 74-88). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Na, S. Y., & Park, H. J. (2019). The Effect of Nurse’s Emotional Labor on Turnover Intention: Mediation Effect of Burnout and Moderated Mediation Effect of Authentic Leadership. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 49(3), 286-297. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.286

Oh, S. J., & Park, S. J. (2023). An Analysis of Domestic Research Trends in Military Leadership(2012-2021). Korean Journal of Military Art and Science, 79(1), 303-340. https://doi.org/10.31066/kjmas.2023.79.1.012

Park, S. A., & Lee, J. C. (2014). The effect of emotional labor strategy on job burnout and job engagement: the moderating effect of positive psychological capital. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 27(4), 781-807. https://doi.org/10.24230/ksiop.27.4.201411.781

Park, W. W., Kim, M. S., Jung, S. M., & Heo, K. M. (2007). Cause and Remedies of Common Method Bias. Korean Journal of Management, 15(1), 89-133. G704-000359.2007.15.1.005

Sand, G., & Miyazaki, A. D. (2000). The Impact of social support on salesperson burnout and burnout components. Psychology & Marketing, 17(1), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(200001)17:1<13::AID-MAR2>3.0.CO;2-S

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248

Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1996). The Maslach burnout inventory-test Manual (3rd edn). Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA

Seligman, M. E. (1999). The president's address. American Psychologist. 54(8), 559-562.

Seligman, M. E. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology(pp. 3–9). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Shin, K. H. (2003). The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS): An Application In South Korea. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 16(3), 1-17. G704-000280.2003.16.3.009

Shirom, A. (1989). Burnout in work organizations. New York, US: Wiley.

Snyder, C. R. (2000). Handbook of hope. San Diego, CA, Academic Press.

Son, I. N. (2018). Moderating role of social support to less job burnout of irregular emotional workers in foodservice. Korean Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 27(1), 161~175. https://doi.org/10.24992/KJHT.2018.01.27.01.161.

Stajkovic, A. D. (2006). Development of a core confidence-higher order construct. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1208-1224. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1208

Taris, T. W. (2006). Is there a relationship between burnout and objective performance? A critical review of 16 studies. Work & Stress, 20(4), 316-334. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370601065893

Unterbrink, T., Hack, A., Muller, U., Scheuch, K., Seibt, R., Wirsching, M., & Bauer, J. (2007). Burnout and effort‐reward imbalance in a sample of 949 German teachers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 80, 433-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-007-0169-0

VanYperen, N. W. (1998). Informational support, equity, and burnout: the moderating effect of self‐efficacy. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 71(1), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1998.tb00660.x

Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307308913

Yang, K. H. (2015). The Effect of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role of Leader Trust. Korean Journal of Military Art and Science, 71(2), 103-133. https://doi.org/10.31066/kjmas.2015.71.2.005

Yang, K. H., Kim J. S., & Kim J. S. (2017). Effects of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Commitment: A Case of Military Organization. Journal of Human Resource Management Research, 24(2), 1-26. https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002234596

Yoon, J. G. (2012). Socrates asks the world's leaders what sincerity is. Seoul, Korea: Haneon.

Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2007). Positive organizational behavior in the workplace: The Impact of hope, optimism, and resilience. Journal of Management, 33(5), 774-800. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307305562

authentic leadership

Downloads

Published

2023-04-24

How to Cite

Kim, S., & Kim, J. (2023). Authentic leadership and job burnout: Mediating effects of positive psychological capitals. Journal of Advances in Military Studies, 6(1), 19-48. https://doi.org/10.37944/jams.v6i1.188

Funding data